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Making Use Of MIDI
The standard MIDI file; an annoying caricature of a song that you know you’ve heard before on the radio that plays behind a web page as an added dimension to attract the attention of your senses, right? Maybe. There are tons of them on the Net. We’ve all heard them at one time or another. Most cellular phone ring tones are created through MIDI these days as well. We may shrug them off as being cheesy, exaggerated or otherwise unworthy, but have we really stopped to think about them? Having one of these files in our possession can be a great asset if it was arranged and sequenced well.
Let’s start by examining the technical attributes of this medium. Many individuals believe that the MIDI system (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) somehow carries audio information, like MP3 or WAV files when transferred between users. This is not the case at all. In fact, the data recorded and saved in the Standard MIDI file is simply information about what musical notes were played at what time, how loudly they occurred, when they were released and many other parameters. Think of this information transfer as a mechanical player piano where the paper passing through the machinery contains holes that strategically cause certain notes to be played at the right times. The paper can’t provide any sound without the presence of the machinery. By the same token, MIDI data can make no sound without a synthesizer to play it back. In our personal computers, the synthesizer most commonly resides on the sound card. It may be in a software application as well. When a MIDI file is received, the synthesizer “reads” the set of instructions in real time and plays sounds that exist in its memory (known as ROM). These sounds vary widely in quality. When you hear MIDI playback that sounds “cheesy”, the sounds in the synthesizer are most likely not the best of quality. (of course, this is always a matter of opinion). There are professional stand-alone synthesizers that make instrument sounds that are extremely lifelike.
Now that we understand this point, it’s easy to see why MIDI files are used frequently on the Internet. They are small; very small! One minute of uncompressed audio takes up about 10 MB (megabytes) on average. The average size of a one-minute MP3 file is only 1 MB. Furthermore, the average size of a 3-minute MIDI file is only about 50 KB (kilobytes). As a benchmark to give these numbers some meaning, a typical audio CD can hold 700 MB worth of information. MIDI files are like small pieces of sheet muxic that are passed from a user, through a medium to a synthesizer. Then, upon receipt of the “score”, the synth performs the parts of all instruments in the virtual orchestra. So wouldn’t it be nice if you could interpret this technical language and be able to perform the parts on your own instrument? You can, and you don’t have to be a genius or a computer programmer! You just have to have a few tools to start with.
MIDI files originate in a relm that we call a sequencer. This can be an elaborate piece of hardware or a simple piece of software, or anything in between. A musician or a programmer performs each individual part on an instrument that can “speak” the language of MIDI. This is most commonly a keyboard because it is easy to record the performance electromechanically. Guitars, drum sets and even woodwind instruments that are specially outfitted can also achieve this. The sequencer platform runs like a multi-track tape recorder in some respects. The “language” of MIDI allows for 16 of such tracks, each played by a different instrument sound at a different stage of the process. Information to govern the volume, left-to-right balance, pitch slide and many other parameters can be added for each track. Once the “mix’ sounds pleasing to the user, this information can be packaged as a standard MIDI file and sent to another user. The receiving user can open this file in any sequencer and literally see all the information and how it was recorded. They can amend any of it with ease. The data that appears is usually in the form of lines, dots and dashes, but many sequencers can display the data as music notation on a set of staves. This display will be friendly and familiar to a lot of musicians. Other musicians that never learned to read notation feel at home “reading” the dots and dashes. Aspiring audio engineers like myself can listen to any combination of the parts at a time and explore how they fit together. One can also reassign a part to another instrument sound to further experiment with the overall composition.
In order to begin being creative with these aspects, one will need a sequencer of some kind. Applications such as Stienburg’s Cubase, Cakewalk’s Sonar, MOTU’s Freestyle are great ways to start learning. Apple’s Logic and MOTU’s Digital Performer are among the more advanced programs. These are only a few of the options out there today. Your “studio” should also be outfitted with a controller keyboard if you want to get serious about creating MIDI songs. (For this, your sound card must have a proper MIDI input connector). It’s not that hard to be on your way!
This “language’ leaves lots of room for creativity in the formative stage of a composition. It’s also a great educational tool for any musician curious about how their favorite song is built. I would encourage anyone who is somewhat musically inclined to take a look at the possibilities.
NB: Thanks for abcmusic studio
How To Be An Original Songwriter
Tips On Writing Song
ICANN Approval of ICM Registry Application for .XXX
SAN FRANCISCO (AFP) – The group in charge of Internet addresses on Friday opened the door for websites ending with ".xxx" but delayed deciding whether to open the floodgates for other suffixes.
The non-profit Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) board voted to approve a petition to add .xxx to the list of "generic top level domains," those endings that include .com, .net, and .org.
However, resolutions considered by the board as its annual public meeting ended in San Francisco did not include whether to approve guidelines that would clear the way for essentially any Internet address endings.
"We think we are pretty close to a workable policy," ICANN board chairman Peter Dengate Thrush told AFP. "It's all part of a mission to create competition, diversity and choice."
The ICANN board scheduled a special meeting in Singapore on June 20 to vote on confirming a guide book outlining the path aspiring domain operators would need to follow to use a suffix of their choosing.
In a potential sign of how the vote will turn out, ICANN has a celebration party planned for two days after the vote.
"We have come up with a program to close the process," Thrush told AFP after the board meeting in San Francisco.
"The major points left are not show-stopping questions of principle like a matter of a veto would have been if it had been suggested."
ICANN has spent years crafting a guide for approving applications for any suggested top level domains. Currently, the agency individually endorses domain name petitions.
The process encountered controversy after feedback in a government action committee included interest by the United States in veto power to preclude the creation of top level domains such as .gay that might be blocked in some countries.
The concern evidently was that countries blocking entire domains could lead to a balkanization of the Internet. The veto option was never proposed to the ICANN board by the government action committee, according to Thrush.
"It was a suggestion by one government that was never picked up by the others," he told AFP. "It never got out of the gossip phase."
Thrush dismissed the worry, reasoning that the adult content at issue is on the Internet regardless of whether a website address ends in .gay or one of the existing terms.
"The issue is the content, which is exactly the same," Thrush said. "It doesn't change if a website becomes .gay."
The few points left to be addressed include creating an "early warning system" to alert governments to new Internet address suffixes.
The ICANN board on Friday did approve a petition to operate an .xxx domain. The request had been rejected about five years ago and was reconsidered after an appeal.
Board member Rita Rodin Johnston prefaced her "yes" vote by quoting a US expression "caught between a rock and a hard place."
"I have never felt this so poignantly as with this .xxx decision," Johnston said.
Leaders of a Free Speech Coalition adult industry trade association had protested outside the ICANN meeting in opposition to creating a .xxx domain.
Studios were afraid they would be gouged for addresses in the domain to be operated by a privately-owned ICM Registry.
Another fear was that governments might create Internet versions of red light districts by forcing porn websites into a .xxx neighborhood that could then be monitored or blocked.
It is not mandatory for adult websites to use .xxx addresses, but studios will be under pressure to take up residence there to protect trademarks and avoid confusing people looking for them on the Internet.
"We are disappointed but we are not surprised by the ICANN board's decision," said FSC executive director Diane Duke. "They have disregarded overwhelming outpouring of opposition from the adult entertainment industry."
The FSC said it plans to fight to undo the decision and will advise studios not to get .xxx website addresses.
From ICANN :
Whereas, on 25 June 2010, the ICANN Board, after substantial public comment was received on the process options available to ICANN to consider the Independent Review Panel's Declaration of 19 February 2010, the Board accepted (in part) the findings of the Panel. The Board then directed staff "to conduct expedited due diligence to ensure that: (1) the ICM Application is still current; and (2) there have been no changes in ICM's qualifications."
Whereas, ICANN staff performed the required due diligence, that showed that the ICM Application remains current and that there have been no negative changes in ICM's qualifications.
Whereas, ICM provided ICANN with a new proposed registry agreement that included additional provisions, requirements and safeguards to address the issues that the GAC and other community members had raised with respect to the previously proposed agreement.
Whereas, the proposed registry agreement and due diligence materials were posted for public comment. Over 700 comments were received, though few of the comments addressed the terms of the registry agreement. No changes to the registry agreement are recommended in response to the comments.
Whereas, on 10 December 2010, the Board agreed with an assessment that entering into the proposed registry agreement would conflict with only three items of GAC advice and directed the staff to communicate this information to the GAC.
Whereas, on 10 December 2010, the Board further determined that it intends to enter into a registry agreement with ICM Registry for the .XXX sTLD, subject to GAC consultation and advice, and thereby invoked the consultation as provided for in ICANN Bylaws section Article XI, Section 2, Paragraph 1(j). See <http://www.icann.org/en/minutes/resolutions-10dec10-en.htm#4>.
Whereas, to facilitate the Bylaws consultation with the GAC, on 25 January 2011, the Board directed staff to forward a letter from the Board to the GAC clearly setting forth the Board's position on how the ICM proposed registry agreement meets items of GAC advice, and setting forth the items of GAC advice remaining for consultation. The letter was forwarded on 11 February 2011 and is available at <http://www.icann.org/en/correspondence/jeffrey-to-to-dryden-10feb11-en.pdf> [PDF, 236 KB].
Whereas, on 16 March 2011, the GAC forwarded a letter of the Board clarifying GAC advice on the ICM matter.
Whereas, the Board has carefully considered comments from the community and the GAC in making this decision, in furtherance of ICANN's mission.
Whereas, on 17 March 2011, the Board and the GAC completed a formal Bylaws consultation on those items for which entering the registry agreement might not be consistent with GAC advice.
Resolved (2011.03.18.23), the Board authorizes either the CEO or the General Counsel to execute the proposed registry agreement for the .XXX sTLD, in substantially the same form posted for public comment in August 2010.
Resolved (2011.03.18.24), the Board adopts and fully incorporates herein its Rationale for Approving Registry Agreement with ICM for .XXX sTLD <http://www.icann.org/en/minutes/draft-icm-rationale-18mar11-en.pdf> [PDF, 221 KB] to support the entering into the proposed registry agreement.
Resolved (2011.03.18.25), the Board and the GAC have completed a good faith consultation under the ICANN Bylaws, Article XI, Section 2.j. As the Board and the GAC were not able to reach a mutually acceptable solution, pursuant to ICANN Bylaws, Article XI, Section 2.k, the Board incorporates and adopts as set forth in the Rationale the reasons why the GAC advice was not followed. The Board's statement is without prejudice to the rights or obligations of GAC members with regard to public policy issues falling within their responsibilities.
Rationale for Resolutions 2011.03.18.23 – 2011.03.18.25
Rationale for Approving Registry Agreement with ICM's for .XXX sTLD [PDF, 221 KB]


3:23 PM
Suhendra













